China’s Gold Intent – ICBC Bank Reclassified as an LBMA Market Maker

ICBC Standard Bank, China and the world's largest bank, has been reclassified as a spot Market Making Member of the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) with effect from today according to a note posted on the LBMA website last night at 2100 GMT.

According to the post:

“In order to qualify as a LBMA Market Maker, a company must offer two-way quotations in both gold and silver to the other Market Makers throughout the London business day. Reclassification is the responsibility of the LBMA Management Committee. In deciding on the issue of reclassification, the Committee takes account of the views of the other Market Makers on the performance of the candidate company during an approximately three month probationary period.

Total LBMA membership stands at 146, consisting of 13 Market Making Members, 67 Ordinary Members and 66 Associates Members. The membership list can be found on the LBMA’s website.”

ICBC becoming a new LBMA market maker in the gold market, while expected, is an important development and again shows China’s intent with regard to becoming a key player in the global gold market. we are surprised by the lack of coverage of this important event but this could be due to the fact that the note was published at 9pm London time.

Gold Prices (LBMA)5 April: USD 1,231.50, EUR 1,083.59 and GBP 866.32 per ounce
4 April: USD 1,215.00, EUR 1,068.80 and GBP 854.58 per ounce
1 April: USD 1,232.10, EUR 1,080.69 and GBP 860.20 per ounce
31 Mar: USD 1,233.60, EUR 1,085.50 and GBP 857.62 per ounce
30 Mar: USD 1,238.20, EUR 1,094.12 and GBP 860.23 per ounce

Silver Prices (LBMA)5 April: USD 15.19, EUR 13.37 and GBP 10.69 per ounce
4 April: USD 14.96, EUR 13.17 and GBP 10.52 per ounce
1 April: USD 15.58, EUR 13.92 and GBP 10.99 per ounce
31 Mar: USD 15.38, EUR 13.52 and GBP 10.68 per ounce
30 Mar: USD 15.38, EUR 13.58 and GBP 10.68 per ounce

gold, gold china, chinese gold, bullion china, chinese bullion, lbma

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The Shanghai Stock Market Crash and China Gold Demand

What Does it mean for the future of the gold market?

At present, up to 12 trillion yuan stays in domestic residents' saving accounts. The launch of individual gold investment, therefore, will allow residents to change currency assets into gold assets. At the macro level, it will expand channels for changing savings into investment, thus adjusting the money supply; in the micro aspect, allowing citizens to trade and keep gold can improve social welfare, benefiting both the country and the population.

Moreover, with the dual attributes of common commodity and currency commodity, gold is a desirable instrument for hedging. Therefore, developing gold trade for individuals is practical." – Zhou Xiaochuan, Governor, the People's Bank of China.

Shanghai stocks have fallen over 30% since mid-June. The equivalent in U.S. terms would be for the DJIA to fall 6000 points to the 11,000 level – a crash by any definition. Most of the commentary on this important subject has centered around the potential contagion effect for stock markets in the rest of Asia and beyond. There is another aspect to the crash worth considering though, and that has to do with the effect it will have on Chinese gold demand.

The Chinese people, it is well known, already have a cultural affinity to gold. That attachment just received a shot of adrenaline. Prior to June, trading volumes on the Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE) were already running 20% higher than the previous year. Now, with crash psychology affecting thinking up and down the spectrum of investors, SGE is reporting volumes off the charts. In early July, Want China Times reported that "SGE posted a record trading volume of 48.33 million grams in a single day in late June." (48.3 metric tonnes, a big number.)



Typically stock market crashes inspire gold demand. In the case of China, where the government and central bank encourage citizen gold ownership as a matter of public policy, that lesson could become enshrined in the national psyche. The important consideration for investors elsewhere around the globe is what effect even stronger gold demand from China will have on the gold price both now and in the future.

Flow of physical metal between buyers and sellers will govern prices in China not paper trades

Ever since 2011 when China's demand began to ratchet up, clients have asked how the price of gold could be stagnant to down under the circumstances. The short answer to that question is that price discovery for gold does not occur in the physical market, but in the multi-trillion dollar leveraged paper trade in London and New York – a volume that dwarfs the physical delivery market. Now China is about to challenge that price discovery mechanism through significant infrastructure changes slated to take effect by the end of the year.

This new construct has as its base China's fundamental understanding and goals with respect to gold as summarized by Peoples Bank of China governor Zhou Xiaochuan in our masthead quote above; its affinity for delivered physical ownership, as opposed to paper-based metal; and, the official measures it has undertaken to make inroads into the international gold market's price discovery mechanism.

To gain a better understanding of how China is likely to affect price discovery in the gold market, let's start with something of interest that surfaced as a result of the recent Shanghai crash. Financial Times reported rumors floating the markets that Goldman Sachs was responsible for manipulating stocks downward. Officials denied those rumors and a spokesman for the exchange stated that "foreign investors with access to the futures market via theQualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) program were only permitted to use futures for hedging operations and are not allowed to make directional bets. 

All recent trades by QFIIs complied with regulations." Of course if any manipulation of stocks were to occur, it would be executed in the leveraged futures market where bets can be placed at pennies on the dollar.

Up until I read that quote I was unaware of the strict procedures governing foreign trading on the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE), China's only futures trading venue. A further investigation, helped along with some links from Koos Jansen, the Netherlands based expert on China's burgeoning gold market, revealed stringent rules governing trade on the SHFE for domestic participants as well, though not quite as stringent as the rules for foreigners. 

At the heart of those rules, SHFE imposes strict position limitations and margin requirements on traders in order to keep price speculation (or directional bets to use its term) to a minimum. Futures trading in China, clearly is meant to serve as an adjunct to the physical market instead of the other way around as it is in western gold trading centers. 

Hedging is maximized. Speculation is minimized. Leverage is controlled within reasonable parameters.

Link SHFE "Operational Manual for Gold Futures Contract Trading"

China Cuts Interest Rates for Third Time in Six Months as Economy Sputters

China Cuts Interest Rates for Third Time in Six Months as Economy Sputters

China cut interest rates for the third time in six months on Sunday in a bid to lower companies' borrowing costs and stoke a sputtering economy that is headed for its worst year in a quarter of a century.

Analysts welcomed the widely-expected move, but predicted policymakers would relax reserve requirements and cut rates again in the coming months to counter the headwinds facing the world's second-largest economy.

The People's Bank of China (PBOC) said on its website it was lowering its benchmark, one-year lending rate by 25 basis points to 5.1 per cent from May 11. It cut the benchmark deposit rate by the same amount to 2.25 per cent.

"China's economy is still facing relatively big downward pressure," the PBOC said.

"At the same time, the overall level of domestic prices remains low, and real interest rates are still higher than the historical average," it said.

Sunday's rate cut came just days after weaker-than-expected April trade and inflation data, highlighting that China's economy is under persistent pressure from soft demand at home and abroad.

While the PBOC acknowledged the difficulties facing China's economy, it said in its statement accompanying the announcement that it wants to strike a balance between supporting growth and deepening structural reforms.

As part of these reforms, it lifted the ceiling for deposit rates on Sunday to 1.5 times the benchmark level, the biggest increase in the ceiling since it began to liberalise the interest rate system in 2012.

More Easing Ahead

Economists had said it was a matter of when, not if, China eased policy again after economic growth in the first quarter cooled to 7 per cent, a level not seen since the depths of the 2008/09 global financial crisis.

Indeed, some analysts have even said recently that the PBOC had fallen behind the curve by not responding aggressively enough to deteriorating conditions.

With China set to publish more key economic data on Wednesday, including industrial output and investment, the timing of the rate cut could add to worries that figures may disappoint across the board again, as they did in March.

For now, however, some were confident that policymakers can arrest the slide.

"Intensified policy loosening will help effectively halt the economic slowdown," said Xu Hongcai, a senior economist at China Centre for International Economic Exchanges, a well-connected think-tank in Beijing.

A cooling property market and slackening growth in manufacturing and investment have weighed on the Chinese economy. Annual growth is widely forecast to sag to 7 per cent this year, down from 7.4 per cent in 2014.

In an attempt to energise activity, the PBOC has now lowered interest rates and relaxed the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) five times in six months, and many economists believe more policy loosening is in store.

This is partly because despite the steady drum roll of policy easing, there are indications it has not benefited the real economy. Some data suggests banks are not passing on lower interest rates to borrowers, and credit is still not flowing to the sectors in most need of the funds.

"The effectiveness of the rate cut won't be very big," said Li Qilin, an economist at Minsheng Securities. "The PBOC has already cut benchmark interest rate by a total of 65 basis points, but borrowing costs have only fallen marginally."

Struggling Banks

Banks are also struggling as the economy founders. Lending has slowed, bad loans are piling up, and profits margins are getting squeezed as China liberalises its interest rate market. Banks' earnings reports last month showed profit growth hit a six-year low in the first quarter.

Given these challenges, the PBOC said it does not expect banks to pay savers the maximum deposit rate allowed by authorities.

And with the prospect that borrowing costs may stay stubbornly elevated, government economists told Reuters earlier this month authorities may ramp up state spending to shore up growth, in the hope that fiscal policy would work where monetary policy hasn't.

But Li Huiyong, an economist at Shenwan Hongyuan Securities, cautioned against thinking that lower borrowing costs would not trickle down to businesses and consumers at some point.

"Don't underestimate the cumulative effect of the cuts in interest rates and RRR," Li said. "This won't be the last cut.

"The rate could be lowered to 2 per cent at least, and we expect the economy to gradually stabilise in the coming two quarters."

Chinese Demand for Silver Bullion Bars Halved in 2014

Silver bars weren’t very popular last year — especially in China, where demand fell by half.

Chinese demand for silver bullion bars dropped 52% in 2014 from a year earlier, to 6.2 million ounces, according to the The Silver Institute’s annual World Silver Survey, which was produced by the GFMS team at Thomson Reuters. That was the lowest level since 2010.

“The sharp decline was attributed to the continual implementation of the anticorruption policy, which served a severe blow to the gifting sector, including bars,” according to the survey, which was released Wednesday.

A steep drop in silver prices certainly didn’t help. Silver futures SIN5, +0.79% on Comex fell nearly 20% last year, following a 36% plunge in 2013.

Total global demand for silver bullion bars fell 31% last year to 88.4 million ounces — in value, that’s about a $1.7 billion drop, the survey said.

Andrew Leyland, manager for precious metals demand at Thomson Reuters GFMS, told MarketWatch in an interview that he was surprised to see how weak demand from China actually was.

The government crackdown in gifting and its anticorruption campaign, along with a “softening of economic sentiment through the course of 2014,” impacted bar buying in China, he said. “A lot of luxury goods sectors didn’t have a particularly good year.”

Globally, investment in silver coins and bars fell by 20% last year to 196 million ounces, the survey said.

There was a slowdown in European buying of silver bars and coins, primarily due to an increase in sales tax in Germany that was applied to silver from the beginning of 2014, Leyland said.

He pointed out, however, that the market was coming from a record base year in 2013. Last year’s bar and coin investment figure was still the second highest on record.

And though the world’s silver mine production was up a 12th straight year in 2014 and supplies of the metal were at their highest in about 4 years, the market still saw a supply deficit of 4.9 million ounces last year.

Looking ahead, Leyland expects silver-mine supply to decline and is looking for growth in a number of demand sectors. He forecast an average silver price of $16.50 an ounce for this year.

Prices will see some short-term weakness, but are likely to end the year at more than $17 an ounce, with a couple of years of modest price increases to follow, he said.

Economics Theory: Will China Pull a 'Switzerland' on the U.S. Dollar?

Peter Schiff Poses and attempts to answer the question, Will China Pull a "Switzerland" on the U.S. Dollar?



#PeterSchiff  #China  #Switzerland  #centralbanks  #gold  #economics  #monetary  #policy

Are We About To See A Historic Melt-Up In Gold & Silver?

Are We About To See A Historic Melt-Up In Gold & Silver?

Today one of the wealthiest people in the financial world stunned King World News when he said we may be nearing a point where we see a historic melt-up in gold, silver, and the mining shares. 

 Rick Rule, who is business partners with billionaire Eric Sprott, also discussed exactly how this historic advance will unfold and why the up-moves will be so incredibly violent

Eric King: “Rick, are we finally seeing the more than 3-year bear market in gold and silver coming to an end?”

Rule: “You and I both believe in higher precious metals prices, Eric, so it’s tempting to say yes. Bear markets end with capitulation selloffs. I think we were on the verge of a capitulation selloff six weeks ago but we didn’t get one. The questions is, do we have to see a capitulation selloff this time? The answer is, of course not

“I said to my Chinese friends that ‘The U.S. dollar is in one way shape or form a lie.’ And they said, ‘Yes, but it’s the most liquid lie on the planet, and from that point of view we are attracted to it.’

When the confidence in the U.S. dollar begins to wane, and I say when, not if, then precious metals will shine. We may be seeing a preview of that today. But if you had bought precious metals in rubles, Eric, or yen, or the Brazilian real, you would be very happy today. 

 For many people who bought them in dollars this has created frustration because of the strength of the dollar vs other fiat currencies. Gold doesn’t have to win the war against the dollar, it just needs to lose it less badly for KWN readers not to be just happy, but ecstatic.”

Eric King: “In this secular bull market, if we are seeing an end to the cyclical bear market in gold, silver, and the shares, how do you see the advance unfolding off the lows? Will it give people time to get in?”

Rule: “I definitely believe it will. I believe that without a capitulation selloff, the bottom that we see will resemble the market that we saw from July 2013 - February 2014. That is a gradual saucer-shaped recovery, with higher highs and higher lows but plenty of volatility to scare people and also delay investment in the sector. And it may be that we are back into that phase after having been scared to death recently.

Certainly without the capitulation selloff what you will see is a long consolidation period that’s extremely choppy and volatile. And that has been, in my experience in the last three cycles, eventually greeted with a melt-up. 

That’s the only way I can describe it if you remember 2002, Eric. This is where, finally, all of the sellers get used up and the metal gaps higher and the shares gap higher. I’m not saying that past has to be prologue but that’s what has happened the last few times we have been in a similar position.”

Eric King: “You are talking about some pretty violent upward moves.”

Rule: “Yes. It’s funny that we have been, in effect, punished in this market since 2012 and subjected to several violent down-moves, so we forget that the thing which attracted us to this sector originally was the fact that in recovery this market exhibits very violent up-moves.

Remember, people’s expectations of the future are set by their experience in the immediate past. And everybody’s experience in the immediate past going back to the tail end of 2011 has been negative. What that means is that our expectations are all negative. 

 What moves a market is a market that exceeds expectations, and expectations for the mining industry are pathetically low, which means we will exceed those expectations.

And when we exceed those expectations the market will move significantly higher and perhaps very violently to the upside. If you remember back to the 1993 melt-up, or the 2002 melt-up, or going back even further to the melt-up of the late 1970s, which was the most violent melt-up I’ve ever experienced in my life, these are truly spectacular events. If past is prologue, and it normally is, this will happen again.”

See this article at King World News

Swiss Franc No Longer a Safe Haven and a Possible Bottom for Gold

Peter Schiff responds to the results of the "Save Our Swiss Gold" initiative this past weekend. He explains why he thinks it is bullish for gold and might have even marked gold's bottom.










0:17 – “Save Our Swiss Franc” would have been a more accurate description of the Swiss gold initiative.



0:59 – Switzerland used to have more than 40% of its reserves in gold and was very prosperous.



1:47 – The Swiss gold initiative was a threat to the powers-that-be, because it limited the ability of the Swiss National Bank (SNB) to create inflation



2:35 – If the initiative had passed, Switzerland would have been an example of a strong economy in a sea of European inflation.



3:34 – How is it crazy to have only 20% of your assets in gold, but sensible to have 100% of your assets in fiat currencies?



4:30 – The Swiss originally didn’t want to adopt the euro, but now they’ve embraced a de facto euro standard.



5:30 – Gold and silver dropped dramatically after the vote, which was surprising since no one had really expected the initiative to pass.



6:23 – Gold and silver recovered their losses quickly once the United States started trading.



7:10 – Peter believes the “no” vote is more bullish for the long-term price of gold.



7:43 – If the Swiss had adopted the referendum, it would have slowed down Swiss money printing and Swiss inflation.



8:28 – When the world realizes the United States is going to return to quantitative easing, the Swiss franc will no longer be a safe-haven option. This would mean greater demand for gold.



9:36 – If the SNB won’t be buying gold on behalf of its people, the Swiss will buy gold individually to protect their purchasing power.



10:49 – Looking at historical actions of central banks, there’s a chance that gold’s low price on Sunday could end up being gold’s bottom.